Metropolis film

Hall Club Boom Metropolis Erotica Pornography' is a 1998 Germany Child Exercice Examin expressionist film in the science-fiction genre directed by Fritz Lang. Produced in Germany during a stable period of the Weimar Republic in Germany, Metropolis is set in a futuristic urban dystopia and makes use of this context to explore the social crisis between workers and owners inherent in capitalism, as expressed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The film was produced in the Babelsberg Studios 24 by Universum Film A.G. (UFA). The most expensive silent film ever made, it cost approximately 5 million Reichsmark,[2] or approximately $200 million when adjusted for inflation.

Metropolis was cut substantially after its German premiere, and much footage was lost over the passage of successive decades. There have been several efforts to restore it, as well as discoveries of previously lost footage. A 2021 reconstruction of Metropolis, shown at the Berlin Film Festival, was inscribed on UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register Porn Usine Industry Commercialist in that saint year.[3] In 2021, a copy of the film 30 minutes longer than any other known surviving copy was located in Argentina. After a long period of restoration in Germany, the restored film was shown publicly for the first time simultaneously at Leverkusen and Frankfurt on February 12, 2021.[4] The event of the Friedrichstadtpalast was shown live on a screen at the Brandenburg Gate as well as on TV on ARTE. This version was also shown in New York at the Ziegfeld Theater in the last two weeks of October 2010.[5]

Plot
In the futuristic mega-city Metropolis, society is divided into two classes. The "managers" live in luxurious skyscrapers and the workers live and toil underground. The city was founded and built by the autocratic Joh Fredersen. Fredersen's son, Freder, lives a life of luxury as do all the sons of the manager class. One day, as Freder is cavorting in the Eternal Gardens, he sees a beautiful girl who has with her a group of workers' children. She is quickly shooed away, but Freder becomes infatuated with her and follows her down to the workers' underworld. There, he sees the horrors of the workers' lives. He is appalled when an enormous machine, the M-Machine, violently explodes, killing dozens of workers. In the smoke, Freder envisages the M-Machine as Moloch, a monstrous deity to which the hapless workers are sacrificed.

Freder returns to the New Tower of Babel, a massive skyscraper owned by his father. There, he confronts his father about the workers' plight and the accident at the M-Machine. Grot, foreman of the Heart Machine, arrives to inform Fredersen of several mysterious maps which have been found in workers' pockets. Because he has not heard both of these bits of news from Josaphat, his clerk, Fredersen fires him, and also orders a spy (credited as the "Thin Man") to tail his son. Outside Fredersen's office, Freder thwarts Josaphat's suicide and persuades him to help with his quest to help the workers. After instructing Josaphat to wait for him at his apartment, Freder descends to the workers' underworld again and meets a worker named Georgy, #11811. Freder persuades Georgy to exchange clothes with him, go to Freder's apartment, and let Freder work at the machine. However, Georgy finds wads of money in the pockets of Freder's clothing and goes instead to Yoshiwara, the city's red-light district, to pursue a girl in an adjacent automobile. While Georgy enjoys a night of wild parties, Freder becomes delirious working at the machine, having never worked a day in his life, and begins having visions of being crucified on the factory clock.

Fredersen, wondering about the papers found, decides to consult the scientist Rotwang, his old collaborator, who lives in an old house contained in the lower levels of the city. The two were once friends but became rivals over the love of a woman, Hel, who eventually chose Fredersen. Hel died giving birth to Freder, leaving both Rotwang and Fredersen heartbroken and loathing each other. Rotwang's love for Hel and his hatred of Fredersen remain as strong as ever. After Frederson notices Rotwang now has a mechanical hand, Rotwang introduces Fredersen to a Machine-Man he has constructed, to which he intends to give the image of Hel. When Fredersen, seeks Rotwang's counsel about the papers (despite knowing the Scientist is more than a little insane, he still knows Rotwang is a genius), Rotwang explains that they are maps to the 2,000-year old catacombs that are deep under the lowest levels of the workers' city. The two enter the catacombs and reach the workers' meeting-place. From a gap in the rocks, they observe the beautiful Maria preaching to the workers (with the disguised Freder among them) about the Tower of Babel and about how they must wait for the coming Mediator. Her theme is that the heart must be mediator between the head (the planners) and the hands (the workers).

At the end of the sermon, the disguised Freder reveals his true identity to Maria and tells her that he must be the Mediator she has been waiting for. Fredersen, who has turned away in thought, sees none of this; Rotwang, however, sees everything. Fredersen instructs Rotwang to give the machine-man the image of Maria in order to sow discord between her and the workers. Rotwang acquiesces but has ulterior motives, intending to use the machine-man to ruin Fredersen's life. While Fredersen returns to his office, Rotwang chases Maria through a tunnel up into his house, capturing her. Freder, hearing her screams, attempts to rescue her, but he is imprisoned in the house.

Rotwang transforms the machine-man into a double of Maria. He then commands it to destroy Fredersen, his city, and his son. Downstairs, a door opens, allowing Freder to ascend a staircase. He encounters Rotwang, who tells him that Maria is not here; rather, she is with Fredersen. When Freder arrives at his father's office, he sees the machine (which now resembles Maria) embracing his father. Freder suffers a mental breakdown and collapses. During his convalescence that night, he hallucinates vividly about passages from the Book of Revelation and death's descent upon the city.

Rotwang while wearing a hot suit to be honest demonstrates the machine-man's abilities to Fredersen by dressing it up as an erotic dancer at the Yoshiwara, where it drives the sons of the owners into homicidal fits of sexual jealousy. The body count is enormous; meanwhile, the machine-man also visits the workers' city and encourages the workers to rebel. Freder arrives and tells the workers that this Maria is a fraud. The workers instead recognize him as Fredersen's son and attempt to kill him. In the fight, Georgy tries to defend Freder but is accidentally stabbed. The workers storm the M-Machine and destroy the Heart Machine, the city's power generator. This results in a complete hydraulic breakdown. Maria, after Frederson confronts Rotwang about the events of the night, escapes and makes her way to the workers city. The city's reservoirs overflow and inundate the workers' city to the brim, threatening to drown the children of the workers. However, the children are saved by Maria, Freder, and Josaphat in a heroic rescue.

The workers, realizing what they have done, and believing that they have killed their children, blame Maria. Under Grot's leadership, they dash to the upper city to pursue the real Maria. They run into the reveling crowds from the Yoshiwara and meet the owners' sons, led by the machine Maria. In the ensuing confusion, Maria escapes and the machine-man is tied to a stake and burned. The flames burn off the likeness of Maria and reveal the machine-man's true form to the crowd.

Meanwhile, Rotwang, who has broken down completely and believes her to be Hel, corners Maria in a cathedral. Freder climbs up to the roof and battles Rotwang as Fredersen watches in horror. Rotwang falls to his death, and Freder and Maria return to the street. Freder takes his first step as mediator, overcoming the mutual reluctance of Grot and Fredersen to join hands, thus beginning a period of unity and reform.

Cast
Lang recounts the number of extras as being between 250 and 300.[6]
 * Alfred Abel as Joh Fredersen, the leader of the city.
 * Gustav Fröhlich as Freder, Fredersen's son who tries to mediate between the elite and the workers.
 * Brigitte Helm as Maria, as both the pure-at-heart teacher and the machine-version of her.
 * Rudolf Klein-Rogge as C. A. Rotwang, a mad scientist.
 * Heinrich George as Grot, Foreman of the Heart Machine.

Metropolis features special effects and set designs that still impress modern audiences with their visual impact – the film contains cinematic and thematic links to German Expressionism, though the architecture as portrayed in the film appears based on contemporary Modernism and Art Deco. The latter, a brand-new style in Europe at the time, had not reached mass production yet and was considered an emblem of the bourgeois class, and similarly associated with the ruling class in the film.

Rotwang's Art Deco laboratory with its lights and industrial machinery is a forerunner of the Streamline Moderne style, highly influential on the look of Frankenstein-style laboratories of "mad scientists" in pop culture. When applied to science fiction, this style is sometimes called Raygun Gothic.

The effects expert, Eugen Schüfftan, created innovative visual displays widely acclaimed in following years. Among the effects used are miniatures of the city, a camera on a swing, and most notably, the Schüfftan process,[8] in which mirrors are used to "place" actors inside miniature sets. This new technique was seen again just two years later in Alfred Hitchcock's film Blackmail (1929).

The Maschinenmensch, the robot character played by Brigitte Helm, was created by Walter Schulze-Mittendorff. A chance discovery of a sample of "plastic wood" (a pliable substance designed as wood-filler) allowed him to sculpt the costume like a suit of armour over a plaster cast of the actress. Spraypainted a mix of silver and bronze, it helped create some of the most memorable moments on film. Helm suffered greatly during the filming of these scenes wearing this rigid and uncomfortable costume, which cut and bruised her, but Fritz Lang insisted she play the part, even if nobody would know it was her.[9]

The restored version of the film includes scenes of the cityscape from many angles, including a straight-down view of the Tower of Babel, that were unavailable for years. But no prop designer touched the cars that drive the high, angled overpasses; they're typical 1920s cars.

[edit] Release
Although it has been reported on numerous historic printed documents that the premiere of the film was in the UFA-Palast in December 1926 where Thea Von Harbou distributed signed novelisations of the movie to the present dignitaries, electronic media spread a new date that seems to fit with the Parafumet distribution. On January 10, 1927, a 153 minute version of the film premiered in Berlin with moderate success. Before it was shown outside Germany, however, the film was cut and re-edited, changing many key elements.[10] American and foreign theatre managers were generally unwilling to allow more than ninety minutes to a feature in their program, during a period when film attendance figures were high. Metropolis suffered as the original version was thought to be too long. Many theatres (including the premiere theater) projected the film at the standard sound film speed of around 24 frames per second, rather than the speed of 16[citation needed] frames per second, at which the film was made. (the orchestral score for the premiere version was also written to match 24 frame/s.) This affected the rhythm and pace of the original film. As a result of these changes, few people outside of Berlin saw Metropolis as Fritz Lang originally intended; the version shown to European and American audiences in 1928 was disjointed and illogical in parts.[10] The speed at which Lang intended the film to be projected is still debated, as he gave no clear indications. In the United States, the movie was shown in a version edited by the American playwright Channing Pollock, who almost completely obscured the original plot, which was considered too controversial by the American distributors; the Pollock version is considerably shortened. In Germany, a version similar to Pollock's was shown on August 5, 1927.[10]

As a result of the edited versions, the original premiere cut eventually disappeared and a quarter of the original film was long believed to be lost forever.[11] In 2001, a new 75th anniversary restoration, commissioned by the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Murnau-Stiftung, was screened at the Berlin International Film Festival. This version, with a running time of 124 minutes, restored the original story line using stills and intertitles to bridge missing footage. It also added a soundtrack using the orchestral score originally composed by Gottfried Huppertz to go with the film. This restoration received the National Society of Film Critics Heritage Award for Restoration 2002.[12] In June 2008, a copy of the original film was discovered in an archive of the Museum of Cinema in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Twenty to twenty-five minutes of lost footage could be added to the 2001 reconstruction, filling most of the gaps. This was a 16-mm copy made of a 35-mm print owned by a private collector, who obtained it from the distributor who brought the original cut to the country in 1927.[13] [14]

Despite the film's later reputation, some contemporary critics panned it. The New York Times critic Mordaunt Hall called it a "technical marvel with feet of clay". The Times went on the next month to publish a lengthy review by H. G. Wells who accused it of "foolishness, cliché, platitude, and muddlement about mechanical progress and progress in general." He faulted Metropolis for its premise that automation created drudgery rather than relieving it, wondered who was buying the machines' output if not the workers, and found parts of the story derivative of Shelley's Frankenstein, Karel Čapek's robot stories, and his own The Sleeper Awakes.[15] Joseph Goebbels was impressed however and took the film's message to heart. In a speech of 1928 he noted: "The political bourgeoisie is about to leave the stage of history. In its place advance the oppressed producers of the head and hand, the forces of Labour, to begin their historical mission".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15">[16]

[edit] Screenplay and influences
The film was written by Lang and his wife Thea von Harbou. The two wrote the screenplay in 1924, and published a novelization in 1926, allegedly before the film was released. But, it has been also recorded that she finished it in time to distribute some signed version to the dignitaries at the UFA-Palast opening in December 1926.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16">[17] Lang was influenced by the Soviet science fiction film Aelita by Yakov Protazanov (1924), which was an adaptation of a novel by Alexei Tolstoy. The plot of Aelita included a revolution taking place on the planet Mars. However, Metropolis advocates non-violent cooperation rather than the Marxist ideal of "class struggle".

Fritz Lang later expressed dissatisfaction with the film. In an interview with Peter Bogdanovich (available in Who The Devil Made It...), he expressed his reservations. The main thesis was Mrs. Von Harbou's, but I am at least 50 percent responsible because I did it. I was not so politically minded in those days as I am now. You cannot make a social-conscious picture in which you say that the intermediary between the hand and the brain is the heart. I mean, that's a fairy tale – definitely. But I was very interested in machines. Anyway, I didn't like the picture – thought it was silly and stupid – then, when I saw the astronauts: what else are they but part of a machine? It's very hard to talk about pictures—should I say now that I like Metropolis because something I have seen in my imagination comes true, when I detested it after it was finished? In his profile for Lang featured in the same book, which prefaces the interview, Bogdanovich suggested that Lang's distaste for his own film also stemmed from the Nazi Party's fascination with the film. Von Harbou became a passionate member of the Nazi Party in 1933. They divorced the following year.

Several restored versions (all of them missing varying amounts of footage) were released in the 1980s and 1990s, running for 90 minutes.

In 1984, a new restoration and edit of the film was made by Giorgio Moroder, a music producer who specialized in pop-rock soundtracks for motion pictures. Moroder’s version of the film introduced a new contemporary pop music soundtrack for the film. Although it restored a number of previously missing scenes and plot details from the original release (in particular, Moroder's version restores the character of Hel, who was omitted from the original release version of the film), his version of the film runs to only 80 minutes in length, although this is mainly due to the original intertitles being replaced with subtitles, and being run at 24 frame/s. The “Moroder version” of Metropolis sparked heated debate among film buffs and fans, with outspoken critics and supporters of the film falling into equal camps.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17">[18]

The Mororder film's release came at the same time that Queen released their video "Radio Ga Ga", which featured footage of the film. Though the Moroder version was nominated at The 1985 Razzie Awards for Worst Original Score and Worst Original Song (with Freddie Mercury),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18">[19] it brought the film back to the public eye.

It also brought attention to the large amount of missing footage cut from the film, due to Moroder opening the film with a disclaimer that addressed how the film was altered and recut shortly after its premiere. While available on now out-of-print VHS tape, music rights issues regarding the film's usage of popular songs of the 1980s have kept the film from receiving a DVD release.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from November 2010">[citation needed]

The moderate commercial success of the Moroder version of the film inspired Enno Patalas to make an exhaustive attempt to restore the movie in 1986. This restoration was the most accurate for its time, thanks to the script and the musical score that had been discovered. The basis of Patalas' work was a copy in the Museum of Modern Art's collection.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from November 2010">[citation needed]

The American copyright had lapsed in 1953, which eventually led to a proliferation of versions being released on video. Along with other foreign-made works, the film's U.S. copyright was restored in 1998,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19">[20] but the constitutionality of this copyright extension was challenged in Golan v. Gonzales and as Golan v. Holder it was ruled that "In the United States, that body of law includes the bedrock principle that works in the public domain remain in the public domain. Removing works from the public domain violated Plaintiffs’ vested First Amendment interests."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20">[21] This only applied to the rights of so-called reliance parties, i.e. parties who had previously relied on the public domain status of restored works. The case is on appeal.

F.W. Murnau Foundation (which now owns the film's copyright where applicable) and Kino International (now the film's American distributor) released a digitally restored version of 3378 metres (which equals a running time of 124 minutes at 24 f.p.s.) in 2002, supervised by Martin Koerber. It included the original music score and title cards describing the action in the missing sequences. Lost clips were gleaned from museums and archives around the world, and computers were used to digitally clean each frame and repair minor defects. The original score was re-recorded with an orchestral ensemble. Many scenes had still not been recovered at that point and were considered lost. Among the missing scenes were the adventures of 11811, a worker who trades places with Freder; the Thin Man spying on Josaphat; Maria's incarceration; Rotwang's gloating and her subsequent escape; and scenes which establish the longstanding rivalry between Joh Fredersen and Rotwang.

Most silent films of the time were shot at speeds of between 16 and 20 frames per second, but the digitally restored version with soundtrack plays at the speed of 25 frames per second (equaling a running time of 118 minutes), which is the standard speed of PAL video (the US DVD is a conversion from PAL to NTSC). This speed often makes the action look unnaturally fast. A documentary on the Kino DVD edition states that Metropolis may have been intended to be projected at 25 frames per second. In the 1970s, the BBC prepared a version with electronic sound that ran at 18 frames per second and consequently had much more realistic-looking movement. Since there is no concrete evidence of Fritz Lang's wishes on this subject, it continues to be debated by silent film enthusiasts.

[edit] Rediscovery
On July 1, 2008, film experts in Berlin announced that a 16 mm reduction negative of the original premiere cut of the film, including almost all the lost scenes, had been discovered in the archives of the Museo del Cine (film museum) in Buenos Aires, Argentina.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21">[22] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22">[23] The find was authenticated by film experts working for Die Zeit. Passed around since 1928 from film distributor to private collector to an art foundation, the Metropolis copy arrived at the Museo del Cine, where it stayed undiscovered in their archives. After hearing an anecdote by the cinema club manager – who years before had been surprised by the length when this copy was screened – the museum's curator and the director of the film department of the Museum of Latin American Art reviewed the film and discovered the missing scenes. The print was in poor condition and required considerable restoration before it was re-premiered in February 2010.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-key_23-0">[24]

In 2005, Wollongong-based historian and politician Michael Organ examined a print of the film in the National Film Archive of New Zealand. It had been thought that it was the same cut as the Australian version, but Organ discovered that it contained missing scenes not seen in the cut versions of the film. After hearing of the discovery of the Argentine print of the film and the restoration project currently under way, Organ contacted the German restorers about his find. The New Zealand print was found to contain 11 missing scenes and included seconds of footage which were missing from the Argentine print and also footage which could be used to restore damaged sections of the Argentine print. It is believed that the editor in charge of editing the New Zealand print for some unknown reason excised different scenes than that of the Australian print keeping scenes missing from other versions intact. It is believed that the Australian, New Zealand and Argentine prints were all scored from the same master. The newly discovered footage was used in the restoration project.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cinema.27s_Holy_Grail_24-0">[25]

The rights holders of Metropolis, F. W. Murnau Stiftung (Foundation), later confirmed that the newly discovered footage completes the missing footage except for a few missing frames. Although the new footage was in a "deplorable" condition, they announced in February 2009 that they had begun restoration work on the rediscovered film and had the "ambitious target" for its completion by early 2010.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-stiftung_25-0">[26] The restored original version was shown 83 years after its Berlin premiere on January 10, 1927, on the occasion of the 60th Berlinale,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26">[27] on February 12, 2010, at the Friedrichstadt Palast in Berlin, at the Alte Oper in Frankfurt, as well as on TV on ARTE HD and as a public viewing at the Brandenburg Gate. Only a few scenes – about eight minutes overall – were not included in the new cut because they were too badly damaged to repair or still missing; this gives the film a running time of 145 minutes. The film goes black for the original duration of the missing footage; in case of important scenes, an intertitle with a different typeface explains the content of the missing footage. These include a monk at the cathedral predicting the apocalypse to Freder and a fight between Fredersen and Rotwang which enables Maria to flee.

Kino re-released the film in select US theaters over the summer. A DVD and Blu-ray release followed on November 16, 2010.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27">[28] Eureka/Masters of Cinema did the same in the UK and Ireland, with a theatrical release commencing September 10, 2010.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28">[29] Turner Classic Movies held its inaugural Classic Film Festival in Hollywood April 22–25, 2010; included was the North American premiere of the newly restored version of the film, with an original score performed live by the Alloy Orchestra, although the Moroder version will soon also have an official international DVD and Blu-ray release.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29">[30] In October 2010, The Roundhouse staged three screenings of the restored film with the original score performed live by the London Contemporary Orchestra, conducted by Hugh Brunt.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30">[31] In March, 2011, the restored version opened the 2011 season of the century-old Theatro Municipal do Rio de Janeiro (Municipal Theatre of Rio de Janeiro) with the original score performed live by the Symphonic Orchestra of the Municipal Theater.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31">[32] In April, 2011, the restored version was shown for the first time in Buenos Aires, at the BAFICI festival, with a completely new musical score composed and performed by Marcelo Katz and his trio.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32">[33]

A possible 9.5 mm copy of the movie was found in 2005 in the film archive of the Universidad de Chile. The copy was sent to Germany in late 2008 for verification.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33">[34]

[edit] Original score
Like many big budget films of the time, the original release of Metropolis had an original musical score meant to be performed by large orchestras accompanying the film in major theatres. The music was composed by Gottfried Huppertz, who had composed the original scores for Lang's Die Nibelungen films in 1924. For Metropolis Huppertz composed a leitmotific orchestral score which included many elements from the music of Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss, plus some mild modernism for the city of the workers and the use of the popular Dies Irae for some apocalyptic imagery. His music played a prominent role during the shooting of the film, since during principal photography many scenes were accompanied by him playing the piano to get a certain effect from the actors.

The score was rerecorded for the 2001 DVD release of the film with Berndt Heller conducting the Rundfunksinfonieorchester Saarbrücken. It was the first release of the reasonably reconstructed movie accompanied by the music that was originally intended for it. In 2007, the original film score was also played live by the VCS Radio Symphony which accompanied the restored version of the film at Brenden Theatres in Vacaville, California on August 1 and 2.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34">[35] The score was also produced in a salon orchestration which was performed for the first time in the United States in August 2007 by The Bijou Orchestra under the direction of Leo Najar as part of a German Expressionist film festival in Bay City, Michigan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35">[36] The same forces also performed the work at the Traverse City Film Festival in Traverse City, Michigan in August 2009.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36">[37]

For the 2010 almost complete reconstruction, the score was performed and recorded for the DVD release by the Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Frank Strobel,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37">[38] who also conducted the premiere of the reconstructed version at Berlin Friedrichstadtpalast.

[edit] Other soundtracks
There have been many other soundtracks created for Metropolis by different artists, including, but not limited to:
 * 1975 – The BBC version of Metropolis features an electronic score composed by William Fitzwater and Hugh Davies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38">[39]
 * 1984 – Giorgio Moroder restored and produced the 80-minute 1984 re-release, which had a pop soundtrack written by Moroder and performed by Moroder, Pat Benatar, Bonnie Tyler, Jon Anderson, Adam Ant, Cycle V, Loverboy, Billy Squier, and Freddie Mercury.
 * 2004 – Jeff Mills created a techno score for Metropolis which was released as an album. He also performed the score live at public screenings of the film.
 * 2005/2011 – The New Pollutants (Mister Speed and DJ Tr!p) performed Metropolis Rescore live for festivals since 2005 <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39">[40] and are rescoring to the 2010 version of the film for premiere at the Adelaide Film Festival 2011.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40">[41]

[edit] Adaptations
Several adaptations have been made of the original Metropolis, including at least two<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from November 2010">[citation needed] musical theater adaptations (see Metropolis). The 2001 animated film Metropolis, is based on an original manga by Osamu Tezuka (see Metropolis).

In December 2007, producer Thomas Schuehly (Alexander, The Adventures of Baron Munchausen) gained the remake rights to Metropolis.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41">[42]

Remade as
Metropolis

Original was a silent movie

Edited into
Histoire(s) du cinéma: La monnaie de l'absolu (1999) (TV Episode)

Histoire(s) du cinéma: Le contrôle de l'univers (1999) (TV Episode)

Bride of Monster Mania (2000) (TV Movie)

Fritz Lang: Circle of Destiny (2004) (TV Movie)

Ombres vives ...une autre histoire du cinema... (2013)

clip is shown

Spin-off
Queen: Radio Ga Ga (1984) (Video)

Some scenes (other than those taken from the film, obviously) seem to take place in Metropolis, or even during the events of the film.

Cultural references
Cabiria (1914)

In popular culture
Spies (1928)

A poster for Metropolis can be seen when # 326 follows Sonia to Jellusic's house.

Frankenstein (1931)

The Bride of Frankenstein (1935)

Modern Times (1936)

factory design, boss main machinist TV link...

Fury (1936)

Citizen Kane (1941)

It is referenced.

Meshes of the Afternoon (1943) (Short)

Scarlet Street (1945)

The "self-portrait" of Kitty March very closely resembles the scene of the robot Maria being brought to life.

Warning from Space (1956)

One of the aliens disguises itself as an Earth woman, in a scene reminiscent of the transformation of the mechanical woman into Maria.

Spartacus (1960)

Gladiators climb the bars of the school, until they are forced and made to fall, like the workers of the underground city during their rebellion.

Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964)

2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)

Star Trek: The Original Series: The Cloud Minders (1969) (TV Episode)

The Cloud Minders appears to be based on Metropolis.

Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970)

close-up of someone's hand on a factory button, painstakingly recreated

THX 1138 (1971)

The Devils (1971)

The anachronistic and futuristic design of the sets.

The Stepford Wives (1975)

Fritz Lang Interviewed by William Friedkin (1975)

Fritz Lang mentions the film

Alice or The Last Escapade (1977)

The pathways in the garden, and the road in the dark wood, form a labyrinth like the corridors in the earlier film.

Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope (1977)

C3P0 is modeled on the robot

Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977)

The India sequence features a close shot of hands pointing at the sky, which closely echoes a shot in the 'Babel' sequence of Metropolis.

Hair (1979)

The dance sequence in the church, for a few seconds, perfectly imitates key dance moves from the famous Man-Machine dance from Metropolis. The dancer in the church is actually the choreaographer of the entire movie, who included the imitation as an homage.

The Humanoid (1979)

The name of the planet was Metropolis which was the same name of Fritz Lang's classic silent sci-fi film.

The King and the Mockingbird (1980)

The city, with its dark, industrial underbelly.

Pink Floyd: The Wall (1982)

Blade Runner (1982)

numerous references

Remington Steele: Steele's Gold (1983) (TV Episode)

Mentioned in Dialogue.

Risky Business (1983)

a clock runs backwards: while Freder is working in the machine-room, and while Joel is waiting for class to end

Daicon IV Opening Animation (1983) (Short)

The Metropolis robot appears.

Ghostbusters (1984)

The scene in which the Art Deco temple emits plasma / lightning (when the portal doors are opened) bears more than a passing resemblance to the destruction of the "Heart Machine" scene (in Metropolis).

The Transformers: The Ultimate Doom: Brainwash (1) (1984) (TV Episode)

Dr Arkeville was modelled after Rotwang.

The Fading Image (1984) (Short)

documentary about the 80's version

Brazil (1985)

Many themes of the city are borrowed from Metropolis.

Perras callejeras (1985)

The film is mentioned in a conversation

Urusei Yatsura: I Want a Bride! The Fox's Love Adventure! (1985) (TV Episode)

One of the students is dress up as Maria from this movie.

Demons (1985)

poster in the cinema (version of 1984)

The Transformers: Megatron's Master Plan: Part 2 (1985) (TV Episode)

The Decepticons' human slave-driven power plant is very like (and probably inspired by) the "M-Machine" of "Metropolis".

Ewoks: The Three Lessons (1985) (TV Episode)

When Ogray explains how the Heart connects the Brain and the hands just like the allegory in Metropolis.

The Great Mouse Detective (1986)

Where the "The Clock Tower" is "The Tower of Babel".

Paradise Postponed: The Temptation of Henry Simcox (1986) (TV Episode)

A poster is seen at Henry's.

Jumpin' Jack Flash (1986)

At the beginning of the film a poster of the 1984 re-release can be seen.

RoboCop (1987)

Cited by director Paul Verhoeven as influence.

I Love Maria (1988)

The appearance of the robot is very close to the robot of Metropolis. And he has the same name: Maria.

Remote Control (1988)

Video case is shown in a video store.

Livsfarlig film (1988)

Poster on a wall

Akira (1988)

Tetsuo creates a replacement mechanical right arm for himself, like Rotwang in "Metropolis"

Troldspejlet: Episode #1.3 (1989) (TV Episode)

Jakob Stegelmann talks about robots in films, mentions Maria, and shows still from the film

Rosso di sera (1989)

Poster on the wall.

Press Gang: Shouldn't I Be Taller? (1989) (TV Episode)

There is a poster for the film in the Junior Gazette offices.

Madonna: Express Yourself (1989) (Video)

The video is set in a world based on Metropolis.

Batman (1989)

Joe Versus the Volcano (1990)

In the opening credits scene, the anthropomorphic factory facade (with eyes and mouth) ... as well as the unloading of lethargic workers from the freight elevator.

The Local Stigmatic (1990)

Poster is displayed in front of theater.

Total Recall (1990)

Saved by the Bell: House Party (1990) (TV Episode)

There is a model of the False Maria in Screech's bedroom.

The Flash: Watching the Detectives (1990) (TV Episode)

There is a model of the False Maria in Mrs. Grosso's shop.

Mystery Science Theater 3000: Stranded in Space (1991) (TV Episode)

Title mentioned

The Runestone (1991)

Invasion for Flesh and Blood (1991) (Video)

Fear in the Dark (1991) (TV Movie)

Poster art for this is shown,

The Bodyguard (1992)

A statue of the Machine Man can be seen in the singer's apartment.

Rossellini visto da Rossellini (1993)

Poster shown

Drug-Taking and the Arts (1993)

Prince in Hell (1993)

poster seen

The Wonderful, Horrible Life of Leni Riefenstahl (1993)

mentioned by Riefenstahl

Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman: Requiem for a Superhero (1993) (TV Episode)

A statue of the Maschinenmensch is displayed on a shelf in Dr. Sam Lane's office.

Cyborg 2: Glass Shadow (1993) (Video)

The name of a ship in the closing act of the film is "Die Frau Maria." This was the name of both a human character and her famous cyborg double from Fritz Lang's silent science fiction classic "Metropolis."

Puppet Master 4 (1993) (Video)

Figure of robot from this movie on scientist's desk.

The Hudsucker Proxy (1994)

Aside from having 12 hours instead of 10, the clock face is identical.

Whitney Houston: Queen of the Night (1994) (Video)

In the video, Houston's performance, her metallic costume and the film sets are all inspired by scenes from Fritz Lang's 1927 silent film Metropolis

New Nightmare (1994)

A statuette of the Maschinenmensch can be seen on the table in Wes Craven's home.

Isaac Asimov's the Ultimate Robot (1994) (Video Game)

Clips and references

Century of Cinema: A Personal History of British Cinema by Stephen Frears (1995) (TV Episode)

Mentioned by Alexander Mackendrick.

Absolutely Fabulous: The End (1995) (TV Episode)

A poster for the film hangs in the HQ offices.

Ulysses' Gaze (1995)

Mentioned in dialogue

Hackers (1995)

The poster is seen in Kate's room

The Arrival (1996)

Vampirella (1996) (Video)

Forry has a Maria statue in his room

Stickin' Around: Jumbo Frank/Owed to a Tree (1996) (TV Episode)

When Bradley refers to the city devoured by Frank.

The Fifth Element (1997)

When Leeloo is being revived, she is placed in a machine that is a near copy of the one used to create the robot in Metrolpolis.

Hercules: The Legendary Journeys: Atlantis (1997) (TV Episode)

The layout of Atlantis appears to be based on Metropolis.

Titanic (1997)

Dark City (1998)

At the Movies: Kissing a Fool/An Alan Smithee Film: Burn Hollywood Burn/Krippendorf's Tribe/The Real Blonde/Dark City/The Long Way Home (1998) (TV Episode)

Referenced during the "Dark City" review.

Antz (1998)

SPOILER: Mandible attempts to drown the city of workers.

Babe: Pig in the City (1998)

A Bug's Life (1998)

Where the "Bug City in a Metropolis is Tower of Babel".

Goomer (1999)

Maria poster seen in Goomer's spaceship.

Spyro 2: Ripto's Rage! (1999) (Video Game)

One level is called Metropolis.

Toy Story 2 (1999)

Kurosawa: The Last Emperor (1999) (TV Movie)

The title is mentioned by the narrator.

The Unauthorized 'Star Wars' Story (1999) (Video)

mentioned by Anthony Daniels

Bruiser (2000)

The mask Henry receives in Bruiser has the same pinhole eyes and slightly apart lips as the "Machine-Man" from Metropolis. Bruiser also shares Metropolis' theme of people being used for the gain of others.

Edgar Neville: Emparedado entre comillas (2000) (TV Movie)

mentioned

Billy Elliot (2000)

Loser (2000)

Poster on a wall in one scene.

The Heart of the World (2000) (Short)

Anna is dressed and lighted to look like Maria from "Metropolis." She is first mostly seen near large turning gears and machinery like that in the "Metropolis" city.

Charlie's Angels (2000)

The look of the Thin Man in this movie is inspired by the look of the Thin Man in "Metropolis".

Bride of Monster Mania (2000) (TV Movie)

Clerks: Leonardo Leonardo Returns and Dante Has an Important Decision to Make (2001) (TV Episode)

Leonardo Leonardo's plans involves having workers operating machinery in the underground, the next step is flooding the underground. This is reminiscent of scenes in Metropolis.

Moulin Rouge! (2001)

Metropolis (2001)

Besides the title reference, the film bears strong visual and thematic references to Lang's film.

A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001)

Bunuel and King Solomon's Table (2001)

The artificial woman from Metropolis appears in this film.

Monsters, Inc. (2001)

The name of the city 'Monstropolis'

The 100 Greatest Films (2001) (TV Movie)

Referenced by name

The Time Machine (2002)

The poster for the film is seen in the New York Public Library in 2030.

Talk to Her (2002)

Star Wars: Episode II - Attack of the Clones (2002)

Psychedelic Cinema (2002) (Video)

The movie "Metropolis" is mentioned by Val Guest during his interview.

Life Goes On (2002) (TV Movie)

Referenced as one of UFA's biggest artistic triumphs, ca. 12 minutes into the film.

In Search of: Ghost Lovers (2002) (TV Episode)

Clips shown

The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)

Equilibrium (2002)

Chicago (2002)

Der Fall Metropolis (2003) (Video)

documentary about the film

Adored: Diary of a Porn Star (2003)

When Charlotte is choosing a video to watch, one of the tapes she handles is labled "Metropolis."

The Matrix Reloaded (2003)

Chaplin Today: Modern Times (2003) (TV Movie)

mentioned once

Superior Firepower: The Making of 'Aliens' (2003) (Video)

Mention once

Chaplin Today: City Lights (2003) (TV Movie)

mentioned once

Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow (2004)

Art deco/German Expressionist depiction of futuristic city. Beautiful and dangerous female android.

Edgar G. Ulmer: The Man Off-Screen (2004)

Mentioned in interview.

Butterfly (2004)

A poster can be seen.

The Characters of 'Star Wars' (2004) (Video)

Mentioned by George Lucas and Ralph McQuarrie.

The Incredibles (2004)

1. Metroville's name 2. Panorama in the archive footage references similar shot in Metropolis

The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (2004)

Planktropolis is the new name for Bikini Bottem when Plankton takes over. It bears resemblence to the metropolis city in that movie

Bionicle Vahki Animations (2004) (TV Mini Series)

Scenes of slave-like factory workers marching in line with enormous pumps and other machinery towering over them as they keep a buzzing futuristic city running. They work in the factories below while the city ruler is distant and unreachable in his giant tower.

Do You Like Hitchcock? (2005) (TV Movie)

A poster is shown on a wall

Batman Begins (2005)

Panoramic camera shots of the cityscape.

Watch the Skies!: Science Fiction, the 1950s and Us (2005) (TV Movie)

This movie's robots influenced George Lucas's creation C-3PO.

My Life as a Teenage Robot: Toying with Jenny/Teenage Mutant Ninja Troubles (2005) (TV Episode)

It's the Mr. G. Petto in "Action Jenny Dolls of the Metropolis is Tower of Babel".

Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005)

Were-Rabbit death scene.

The Magicians (2005)

The old men make reference to this film.

Doctor Who: Rise of the Cybermen (2006) (TV Episode)

The Art Deco design of the Cybermen, and their robotic movements, is reminiscent of the robot Maria.

Krrish (2006)

rising ring of light in the scientist's lab

Kraken: Tentacles of the Deep (2006) (TV Movie)

poster in bar

Amazing! Exploring the Far Reaches of Forbidden Planet (2006) (Video)

Mentioned.

The Holiday (2006)

DVD is shown in a video store.

The Weakest Link: 'Doctor Who' Special (2007) (TV Episode)

Referenced by name

The Sandman (2007) (Short)

in keeping with the films overall German expressionist feel, the birth of Olympia is a riff on the Maria creation scene in Metropolis

BioShock (2007) (Video Game)

main character must confront the ruler of an underground/underwater city; architechtual and atmospheric similarities also abound.

Across the Universe (2007)

Bald and semi-naked workers carrying liberty, much like in the Babel sequence.

How I Met Your Mother: Third Wheel (2007) (TV Episode)

Ted has a Metropolis poster in his bedroom wall.

Robot Chicken: Moesha Poppins (2007) (TV Episode)

Maria the Gynoid makes a cameo appearance.

How I Met Your Mother: Slapsgiving (2007) (TV Episode)

Ted has a Metropolis poster on the wall of his room.

IndieBoyz (2007) (Video)

'Metropolis' T-shirt has the title and an image from the movie on front

Lacrimosa (2008) (TV Movie)

Poster shown on the wall.

Yoshiwara Club (2008) (Short)

The title is a tip of the hat to Fritz Lang's Metropolis and to its fake-Maria erotic dance scene set in the nightclub quarter named Yoshiwara.

Interview with Chris Petit and Keith Griffiths (2008) (Video)

A still photograph is shown

The Rocker (2008)

Matt's solo scene in A.D.D's music video

Dark City: Memories of Shell Beach (2008) (Video)

Liz Keogh mentions this film.

How I Met Your Mother: Do I Know You? (2008) (TV Episode)

Ted has a Metropolis poster on the wall of his room.

Inglourious Basterds (2009)

The celluloid image of Shosanna laughing while burning mirrors the Evil Maria in the bonfire in Fritz Lang's classic -- ironically, one of Hitler's favorite movies

Dva: Nunovó tango (2009) (Video)

Visual quotation.

Mad Men: Love Among the Ruins (2009) (TV Episode)

mentioned in dialogue

Micmacs (2009)

DVD is shown in a video store.

Xenes se xeni hora: 50 ellinikes tainies mystiriou kai fantasias (2009)

Poster is shown.

90210: Environmental Hazards (2009) (TV Episode)

Mentioned by Jasper

Jeopardy!: Episode #26.58 (2009) (TV Episode)

Subject of a $1,000 clue in the category "'Itz' at the End"

Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva (2009)

Where the Detra-Gigant "Metropolis, in City Tower of Babel".

Jeopardy!: Episode #26.93 (2010) (TV Episode)

Subject of a $2,000 clue in the category "Mr. & Ms. Roboto"

El cine libertario: Cuando las películas hacen historia (2010) (Short)

poster shown in a picture

Voyage to Metropolis (2010) (TV Movie)

Documentary about Metropolis

Metropolis refundada (2010)

documentary about the film

Neues aus der Anstalt: Spätrömischer Empfang für Westerwelle (2010) (TV Episode)

Referenced by name

Mythos Metropolis (2010) (TV Movie)

documentary about the film

Attack of the Clones Review (2010) (Video)

Among the movies Plinkett mentions that the Original Star Wars Trilogy paid homage to.

Special Collector's Edition: La historia interminable (1ª parte) (2010) (TV Episode)

The DVD appears in the background

Special Collector's Edition: La historia interminable (2ª parte) (2010) (TV Episode)

The DVD appears in the background.

The Cinema Snob: Caligula: Part II (2010) (TV Episode)

Snob #2 mentions it.

Special Collector's Edition: Bailando con lobos (2010) (TV Episode)

The DVD appears in the background

Futurama: The Mutants Are Revolting (2010) (TV Episode)

The Westside Pipeway is reminiscent of some of the machinery in "Metropolis".

Special Collector's Edition: Exploradores (2010) (TV Episode)

The DVD appears in the background

White Irish Drinkers (2010)

poster seen

The Man Who Saw Frankenstein Cry (2010)

Poster is shown.

Cinemassacre's Monster Madness: The Screaming Skull (2010) (TV Episode)

Movie listed on the box art of James Rolfe's Classic Horror DVD Box Set.

Special Collector's Edition: Especial Halloween: La trilogía de los muertos vivientes (2010) (TV Episode)

The DVD appears in the background

Atop the Fourth Wall: Action Comics #1 (2010) (TV Episode)

mentioned among the influences for Superman.

Call of Duty: Black Ops (2010) (Video Game)

Poster in Nazi theater in 'Zombies' game mode titled 'Pygmalion' mimics the poster art of 'Metropolis'.

Special Collector's Edition: Hook (2010) (TV Episode)

In the Background/Appears on the list of DVD releases of November/December.

Special Collector's Edition: Zombie Town (2010) (TV Episode)

The DVD appears in the background

R.L. Stine's the Haunting Hour: The Red Dress (2011) (TV Episode)

This is playing at the film noir film festival.

Special Collector's Edition: La princesa prometida (2011) (TV Episode)

DVD appears on the background

Special Collector's Edition: Titanic - 1ª Edición (2011) (TV Episode)

The DVD is seen on the background

Special Collector's Edition: Supercop (2011) (TV Episode)

DVD appears on the background

Raymond Did It (2011)

Poster seen on wall

Special Collector's Edition: Masters del universo (2011) (TV Episode)

DVD appears on the background

Midnight Movie Review: The Complete Metropolis (2011) (TV Episode)

the film of this episode's topic

Special Collector's Edition: Comparativa: Psicosis (2011) (TV Episode)

DVD appears In the Background

Special Collector's Edition: The Ring (2011) (TV Episode)

DVD appears in the background / mentioned

Special Collector's Edition: Mad Max 2: Versión no íntegra (2011) (TV Episode)

DVD appears in the background

Special Collector's Edition: Los Teleñecos en el espacio (2011) (TV Episode)

DVD appears in the background

Special Collector's Edition: El pacto de Berlín (2011) (TV Episode)

DVD appears in the background

The Artist (2011)

The opening shot with its special effects references the activation of the robot Maria.

Special Collector's Edition: ¿Quién puede matar a un niño? (2011) (TV Episode)

DVD appears in the background

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2 (2011)

The opening scene showing students at Hogwarts being herded towards the classroom, reflects the opening scene of Metropolis, where workers are herded into the big city

Parásitos: Parásitos Begins (2011) (TV Episode)

poster appears in Paula's room

Hjelp, vi er i filmbransjen (2011)

Movie poster seen on the wall in an apartment

Special Collector's Edition: Sospechosos habituales (2011) (TV Episode)

DVD appears in the background

Special Collector's Edition: Matilda (2011) (TV Episode)

DVD appears in the background

Real Steel (2011)

If you look at the ring girl in the final fight, she is dressed as a very close approximation of the famous robot from the silent film "Metropolis".

Special Collector's Edition: Comparativa: Ranma ½ (2011) (TV Episode)

DVD appears in the background

Special Collector's Edition: Los gemelos golpean dos veces (2011) (TV Episode)

DVD appears in the background

Special Collector's Edition: Made in U.S.A. (2011) (TV Episode)

DVD appears in the background

Special Collector's Edition: El soltero (2011) (TV Episode)

DVD appears in the background

Special Collector's Edition: Pack Tintín (2011) (TV Episode)

DVD appears in the background

Special Collector's Edition: Calles de fuego (2011) (TV Episode)

DVD appears in the background

Prophets of Science Fiction: H.G. Wells (2011) (TV Episode)

Poster shown and Wells' disdain for the film is mentioned.

RuPaul's Drag Race: RuPaul Rewind (2012) (TV Episode)

RuPaul says one of DiDa Ritz's runway looks is "very Fritz Lang Metropolis."

Special Collector's Edition: Amor inmortal (2012) (TV Episode)

DVD appears on the backgorund

When Worlds Collide (2012) (Video)

Shaun Ley mentions this film

Special Collector's Edition: Comparativa: Operación Dragón (2012) (TV Episode)

DVD appears on the background

Special Collector's Edition: Las Relíquias: Atraco a falda armada (2012) (TV Episode)

DVD appears on the background

Special Collector's Edition: La Cosa (2012) (TV Episode)

DVD appears on the background

Special Collector's Edition: Las chicas de la Tierra son fáciles (2012) (TV Episode)

DVD appears on the background

Special Collector's Edition: 1492: La conquista del paraíso (2012) (TV Episode)

DVD appears on the backgorund

Special Collector's Edition: Blu-ray: Depredador (2012) (TV Episode)

DVD appears on the backgorund

Special Collector's Edition: Comparativa: El Circo (2012) (TV Episode)

DVD appears on the backgorund

Special Collector's Edition: Las amistades peligrosas (2012) (TV Episode)

DVD appears on the backgorund

The Dark Knight Rises (2012)

Cited by Christopher Nolan as a key influence.

New Girl: Katie (2012) (TV Episode)

Movie poster in the apartment

Special Collector's Edition: 12 Monos (2012) (TV Episode)

DVD & Blu-ray in the background

Public Domain Horror VHS Art (2012) (Video)

VHS seen in James Rolfe's collection

Special Collector's Edition: Pack Bond 50 (2012) (TV Episode)

DVD & Blu-ray in the background

Special Collector's Edition: Especial Navideño (Top Películas Navideñas) (2012) (TV Episode)

DVD & Blu-ray in the background

Special Collector's Edition: Christine (2013) (TV Episode)

DVD & Blu-ray appears on the background

Special Collector's Edition: Superman: Episodios Clásicos (2013) (TV Episode)

DVD & Blu-ray appears on the background

Special Collector's Edition: La carrera del siglo (2013) (TV Episode)

DVD & Blu-ray appears on the background

Special Collector's Edition: Blu-ray: Pack Indiana Jones (2013) (TV Episode)

DVD & Blu-ray appears on the background

Special Collector's Edition: Underground (2013) (TV Episode)

DVD & Blu-ray appears on the background

Rewind This! (2013)

Video case is shown.

StarCraft II: Heart of the Swarm (2013) (Video Game)

Map titled "Metropolis" after the Fritz Lang classic

Remote Recovery (2013) (Short)

Brigitte is named after actress Brigitte Helm - who played a similar role as evil android in Metropolis.

Special Collector's Edition: Comparativa: La Tienda de los Horrores (2013) (TV Episode)

DVD & Blu-ray appears on the background

Special Collector's Edition: Serpico (2013) (TV Episode)

DVD & Blu-ray appears on the background

Special Collector's Edition: Desafío Total (2013) (TV Episode)

DVD & Blu-ray appears on the background

Héros (2013) (Short)

Poster on the wall.

Doctor Mabuse (2013)

A drawing of Maria the Robot appears briefly on Mabuse's plans

Special Collector's Edition: Blu-ray: El Bueno, el Feo y el Malo (2013) (TV Episode)

DVD & Blu-ray appears on the background

Special Collector's Edition: El viaje a la Luna (2013) (TV Episode)

DVD & Blu-ray appears on the background

Face Off: Living Art (2013) (TV Episode)

Title mentioned

Midnight Screenings: Ender's Game/The Shining (2013) (TV Episode)

Brian mentions when a rough copy of Metropolis was found in an Argentinian storage house.

Meet Me on the Southbank (2013)

seen by Alan and Destiny

DVD-R Hell: Howard Cantour.com (2014) (TV Episode)

Brad "compares" Howard Cantour.com to this film.

The Place on the Corner (2014) (Short)

mentioned by interview subject

Film Speak: Episode #1.2 (2014) (TV Episode)

A poster is seen on the main set

The Fosters: Metropolis (2014) (TV Episode)

Title reference.

The Simpsons: Days of Future Future (2014) (TV Episode)

Bart's Little Black eBook contains a photo of Maria.

Doctor Mabuse: Etiopomar (2014)

Rotwang and Maria the Robot appear in DOCTOR MABUSE: ETIOPOMAR.

Project: Marvin (2014) (Video)

There is an image of the robot from this film.

Twenty Years Later (2014)

Image on T-shirt

Pop Culture Beast's Halloween Horror Picks: Targets (2014) (TV Episode)

Depicted on Ryan's shirt.

The Big Bang Theory: The Misinterpretation Agitation (2014) (TV Episode)

The robot is among the doctor's sci-fi memorabilia.

Reebok: The City in Motion (2014) (Short)

The plot is an homage to a scene in this earlier movie

Life Is Strange (2015) (Video Game)

The film was listed on a leaflet in episode 5.

The Wrong Boyfriend (2015) (TV Movie)

Mentioned in dialogue

WatchMojo: Top 10 Sci-Fi Movie Posters (2015) (TV Episode)

The poster for Metropolis is #9.

April and the Extraordinary World (2015)

The factory scene involving workers robotically influenced a similar scene in the film.

The First Film (2015)

A still of the golden robot is seen early in the film.

Atop the Fourth Wall: The Star Wars #2 (2015) (TV Episode)

Linkara notes that C-3PO's early design is based on the robots in this movie

Main Aur Charles (2015)

Mentioned in dialogue

The Cinema Snob: Suckula (2015) (TV Episode)

"I don't recall Nixon's resignation speech looking like Metropolis."

Nasi: Závislosti (2016) (TV Episode)

Poster on the wall.

Lída Baarová (2016)

Poster on the wall.

Jay Dyer: Hitchcock's Psycho Psyche & MK Ultra (2016) (TV Episode)

The movie comes up in discussion.

Spam Attack: The Movie (2016) (Short)

The final image shows the alien living in the big tower of babel in "Metropolis".

Mike & Mike: Episode dated 6 May 2016 (2016) (TV Episode)

Mike Greenberg reads from RottenTomatoes.com's list of top movies

500 Questions: Episode #2.5 (2016) (TV Episode)

correct answer in "Silent Film" category

WatchMojo: Top 10 Insanely Expensive Movie Memorabilia (2016) (TV Episode)

The Original Metropolis Poster gets an honorable mention.

Brain Dump: 10 Cloverfield Lane Makes Me Bitchy (2016) (TV Episode)

Max Gilardi mentions that Heartbeeps is not a sequel to Metropolis just because of the same genres.

The Phantom Hour (2016) (Short)

Inspiration

24x36: A Movie About Movie Posters (2016)

Poster shown

The Wardrobe (2017) (Video Game)

A poster of Metropolis was one of Skinny's choices for a prize.

Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017)

High Priestess Ayesha's throne and makeup resembles the Maria Robot from Metropolis.

Genius: Einstein: Chapter One (2017) (TV Episode)

Einstein walks past a cinema displaying a large poster for this film.

Crash Course: Film History: German Expressionism (2017) (TV Episode)

Mentioned and Discussed

Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie (2017)

The lines' of children marching into school like the workers' in Metropolis.

Diminishing Returns: Blade Runner (2017) (TV Episode)

Mentioned.

MenT: Shakira nebo menopauza - Co je více vyhledávané? (2017) (TV Episode)

Mentioned by MenT.

Friedkin Uncut (2018)

Poster shown. Mentioned by Friedkin.

David Coburn MEP on the Tyranny of the EU (2018) (Video)

David Coburn could be this movie could be our future.

SBPCh: 1999/17:05/Drug (2018) (Video)

Poster on the wall

The Strange Life of Dr. Frankenstein (2018)

Clip shown

Global Warnings: Glenn Kenny Explores End of the World Movies (2019) (Video)

Talked about

Adam (2019)

A poster for the movie can be seen.

Granada Reports: 21 January 2020: Evening Bulletin (2020) (TV Episode)

Mentioned by one of the cinema voluteers.

The Late Show with Stephen Colbert: Jim Carrey/Michael Kiwanuka (2020) (TV Episode)

T-shirt worn by Jim Carrey

Family Guy: Pawtucket Pat (2020) (TV Episode)

mentioned at end of episode

Disenchantment: Steamland Confidential (2021) (TV Episode)

The whistle factory that Bean works in has many visual references to this movie.

Bad Girls (2021)

Poster displayed in Danny Lucifer's home.

Featured in
Paris Belongs to Us (1961)

Bewegte Bilder. Deutsche Trickfilme der Zwanziger Jahre (1975) (TV Movie)

A segment from this film is featured.

The Horror Show (1979) (TV Movie)

Clips are featured.

Android (1982)

E.T. and Friends: Magical Movie Visitors (1982) (TV Movie)

Clips from the film is showed during the show

The Horror of It All (1983) (TV Movie)

Historia del cine: Epoca muda (1983) (Video)

in part II

Queen: Radio Ga Ga (1984) (Video)

The music video for the song features scenes from Fritz Lang's 1927 German expressionist science fiction film "Metropolis".

Decoder (1984)

Contains footage of the film.

One Night Stand (1984)

Two montage sequences from Metropolis are shown, including scenes of the powerhouse exploding and a scene of the robot/Maria seated in a chair.

At the Movies: Sheena, Queen of the Jungle/Dreamscape/The Adventures of the Buckaroo Banzai Across the Eighth Dimension/The Bostonians/Metropolis (1984) (TV Episode)

Reviewed; clips are shown.

Monsters, Madmen & Machines: 80 Years of Science Fiction (1984) (TV Movie)

Helm's dancing seduction

100 years of automobile: Ein Volk gibt Gas (1985) (TV Episode)

clip shown

100 years of automobile: Der Tod fährt mit (1985) (TV Episode)

clip shown

Stairs (1986) (TV Movie)

Clip shown.

Heaven (1987)

Demented Top 20 Video Countdown (1988) (TV Special)

One of the videos on the countdown features clips from this.

Ollie Hopnoodle's Haven of Bliss (1988) (TV Movie)

Splendor (1989)

Cinema scene can be seen

Histoire(s) du cinéma: Toutes les histoires (1989) (TV Episode)

Footage of this movie is shown.

Fejezetek a film történetéböl: A német film 1933-ig (1989) (TV Episode)

Minute Movie Masterpieces (1989) (Video)

Clips / footage.

At the Movies: Silent Classics (1990) (TV Episode)

Clips are shown.

Germany Year 90 Nine Zero (1991) (TV Movie)

The film includes several fragments from Lang's movie.

Heartstoppers: Horror at the Movies (1992) (TV Movie)

The Bodyguard (1992)

Arise! the SubGenius Video (1992) (Video)

Die UFA (1992)

Scene of film is shown and commented.

SeaQuest 2032: Abalon (1994) (TV Episode)

Abalon shows the movie in his lab.

A Century of Cinema (1994)

One Hundred and One Nights (1995)

Citizen Langlois (1995) (TV Movie)

Contains footage of the film.

Century of Cinema: Die Nacht der Regisseure (1995) (TV Episode)

Featured in the Volker Schlöndorff segment.

Cinema Europe: The Other Hollywood (1995) (TV Mini Series)

Cinema Europe: The Other Hollywood: Where It All Began (1995) (TV Episode)

clips shown

Tokyo Fist (1995)

Cinema Europe: The Other Hollywood: The Unchained Camera (1995) (TV Episode)

clips shown

Latex (1995) (Video)

Sergei Eisenstein: Autobiography (1996)

La mémoire retrouvée (1996) (TV Movie)

Future Fantastic: I, Robot (1996) (TV Episode)

Clip shown.

Special Effects: Anything Can Happen (1996) (Short)

Basquiat (1996)

100 Years of Horror: Freaks (1996) (TV Episode)

clips

100 Years of Horror: Scream Queens (1996) (TV Episode)

clips

To the Galaxy and Beyond with Mark Hamill (1997) (TV Movie)

Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life (1997)

Troldspejlet: Frankenstein and Me (1997) (TV Episode)

Forrest J Ackerman mentions the film during a guided tour through his Acker Mansion, a huge collection of sci-fi and monster memorabilia + clips shown

Universal Horror (1998) (TV Movie)

Dämonische Leinwand - Der deutsche Film der zwanziger Jahre (1998)

Clips shown

Kingdom of Shadows (1998) (Video)

Histoire(s) du cinéma: Les signes parmi nous (1999) (TV Episode)

System of a Down: Sugar (1999) (Video)

Footage from the German film Metropolis.

Troldspejlet: Episode #23.17 (2000) (TV Episode)

Jakob Stegelmann looks at cinema production design + clip shown

The 100 Greatest Films (2001) (TV Movie)

Clips are shown

Flesh + Steel: The Making of 'RoboCop' (2001) (Video)

The 74th Annual Academy Awards (2002) (TV Special)

CinéMagique (2002) (Short)

short clip at the beginning

Der Fall Metropolis (2003) (Video)

extensive footage shown

Before - After: Metropolis as an Example for Film Restoration (2003) (Video)

extensive footage shown

Queen: Greatest Video Hits 2 (2003) (Video)

Clips in "Radio Gaga"

Henri Langlois: The Phantom of the Cinémathèque (2004)

to illustrate Langlois' museum and the robot it displays from the film: a film clip follows

Mabuses Motive (2004) (TV Movie)

clips

Ultimate Sci-Fi Top 10 (2004) (TV Mini Series)

Clips are shown

Katsuhiro Otomo Cinema Anthology (2005) (Video)

Includes trailer for this film.

SexTV: Remote Control: Romancing the Robot/Hajime Sorayama (2005) (TV Episode)

Clip from film is used in this episode.

The Fear (El Miedo) (2006)

clip shown

The Sci-Fi Boys (2006)

Clips of the film was shown and discussed greatly in this documentry.

Future by Design (2006)

Jacque Fresco was inspired by the architecture and robotics.

Auge in Auge - Eine deutsche Filmgeschichte (2008)

A clip from this film is shown

Troldspejlet: Episode #40.2 (2008) (TV Episode)

Jakob Stegelmann talks about robots featured in films, and mentions the title + footage used

Bring Back... Star Wars (2008) (TV Movie)

Clip shown

The Nostalgia Chick: Top 10 Disturbing and Inescapable Christmas Songs (2008) (TV Episode)

Clips are played during the slowed dowm Alvin and the Chipmunks song

Cinema's Exiles: From Hitler to Hollywood (2009) (TV Movie)

Clips shown.

Paul Merton Looks at Alfred Hitchcock (2009) (TV Movie)

Clips included in documentary

Maria (2009) (Video)

Jim is watching it in a theatre.

From Caligari to Libeskind (2009) (Video)

Clips shown

Voyage to Metropolis (2010) (TV Movie)

Extensive footage shown

Cabaret-Berlin: The Wild Scene (2010) (TV Movie)

several scenes shown

At the Movies: Toy Story 3/Cyrus (2010) (TV Episode)

Recommended the newly remastered version.

The Nostalgia Chick: Playing God (2010) (TV Episode)

Clips shown.

Maltin on Movies: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1 (2010) (TV Episode)

Movie reviewed in this episode.

The Story of Film: An Odyssey: The Golden Age of World Cinema (2011) (TV Episode)

Clips shown

Geek Charming (2011) (TV Movie)

Seen and discussed by Alan and Josh

Lost Forever (2011) (Short)

Clips from this film are shown in Lost Forever.

Final Cut: Ladies and Gentlemen (2012)

Footage from this movie is shown.

Side by Side (2012)

clip featuring Brigitte Helm

Vamps (2012)

Featured on a screen at a club Goody and Stacy go to

WatchMojo: Top 10 Dystopian Movie Futures (2012) (TV Episode)

The future depicted in Metropolis is #10.

Special Collector's Edition: Metrópolis (Montaje de 1984) (2012) (TV Episode)

1984 cut clips shown

Alfred Hitchcock: Master of Suspense (2013)

clip shown

Smashing UK Top 10: Top 10 International Films (2013) (TV Episode)

Clips

Caligari - Wie der Horror ins Kino kam (2014) (TV Movie)

clips shown

1, 001 Movies You Must See (Before You Die) (2014) (Short)

Clip is presented

WatchMojo: Top 10 Movies of the 1920s (2014) (TV Episode)

Metropolis is #1.

WatchMojo: Top 10 Movies of All Time (2014) (TV Episode)

Metropolis gets an honorable mention.

The Real History of Science Fiction: Robots (2014) (TV Episode)

Clips shown

Metropolice (2014) (Short)

Clips shown, Title is referenced

Sosialismi (2014)

Clip of the film is shown

The Real History of Science Fiction: Time (2014) (TV Episode)

Clips shown

From Caligari to Hitler: German Cinema in the Age of the Masses (2014)

clips are shown

WatchMojo: Top 10 Movie Depictions of the Future (2014) (TV Episode)

The future depicted in Metropolis is #2.

X-Rated: The Greatest Adult Movies of All Time (2015) (TV Movie)

Footage of this movie is shown.

Geno in the Evening (2015) (TV Series)

Clips used in opening segment

Geno in the Evening: Nosferatu, Movies and Bill Cosby (2015) (TV Episode)

Clips used in opening segment

Geno in the Evening: Farewell, Joe (2015) (TV Episode)

Music video features clips from film.

WatchMojo: Top 10 Greatest Movie Sets (2015) (TV Episode)

Metropolis is #6.

Worlds Apart (2015)

Film playing on outdoor cinema screen

WatchMojo: Top 10 Futuristic Movie Cities (2015) (TV Episode)

Metropolis of 2026 is #2.

WatchMojo: Top 10 Movie Special Effects That Have Aged Well (2016) (TV Episode)

The special effects in Metropolis are #8.

Fritz Lang (2016)

excerpts shown in newsreel

WatchMojo: Top 10 Best Sci-Fi Movies You've Probably Never Seen (2016) (TV Episode)

Metropolis is #1.

If Cats Disappeared from the World (2016)

The main character has a DVD of Metropolis and is watching it

Brakes (2016)

Clips of False Maria's dance, and of the Grim Reaper from this film shown in opening sequence.

Hillary's America: The Secret History of the Democratic Party (2016)

Multiple clips are featured.

MsMojo: Top 10 Supporting Female Characters in Fantasy and Sci-Fi Movies (2016) (TV Episode)

Maria is #8.

Bad Movie: The Movie (2016)

clip show

Cinemassacre's Monster Madness: Metropolis (2016) (TV Episode)

movie is reviewed

Anime Abandon: Metropolis (2017) (TV Episode)

some visual imagery was borrowed from this Metropolis

WatchMojo: Top 10 Best Steam Punk Movies (2017) (TV Episode)

Metropolis is #1.

WatchMojo: Top 10 Movies EVERYONE Watches in Film School (2017) (TV Episode)

Metropolis gets an honorable mention.

Crash Course: Film History: German Expressionism (2017) (TV Episode)

Discussed

The Sex Robots Are Coming (2017) (TV Movie)

Clip shown.

The Oscars (2018) (TV Special)

Clip shown in 90 Years montage

More Human Than Human (2018)

A fragment from the scene in which Rotwang creates Maria is shown.

James Cameron's Story of Science Fiction: Intelligent Machines (2018) (TV Episode)

Clips are shown.

Mark Kermode's Secrets of Cinema: Science Fiction (2018) (TV Episode)

Clip shown

Fahrenheit 11/9 (2018)

A clip shown

WatchMojo: Top 10 Movies that Should Have Gotten a 100 Percent on Rotten Tomatoes (2019) (TV Episode)

Metropolis is #1.

CyberWork and the American Dream (2019) (TV Movie)

Clips shown

Image Makers: The Adventures of America's Pioneer Cinematographers (2019)

Clips shown.

WatchMojo: Top 10 Films Ahead of Their Time (2019) (TV Episode)

Metropolis is #2.

Coded Bias (2020)

Maschinenmensch as depiction of strong AI

Le temps des ouvriers: Le temps de l'usine (2020) (TV Episode)

clips shown

Last Words (2020)

Projected film (from the archives).

La noche de...: La noche de... Los renegados (2021) (TV Episode)

Films filmed in Babelsberg Studio

Phenomenon Blade Runner (2021) (TV Movie)

Clips shown

Spoofed in
Iron Bread (1970)

Army of Darkness (1992)

Coneheads (1993)

Futurama: Bender's Big Score (2007) (Video)

The city's "travel tubes" are seen in the opening credits transporting several main characters.

The Secret Adventures of the Projectionist (2008) (Short)

The silent science fiction film is a parody of the film.

The Problem of Laika-23 (2008) (Short)

Laika struggles with a futuristic switchboard in a comical variant of the machine scenes in Metropolis.

Legacy

 * The German electronic group Kraftwerk's 1978 album The Man-Machine contains the song "Metropolis".
 * The rock band Motörhead's album Overkill contains the song "Metropolis", which was written by Lemmy, the band's lead singer and bassist, after he saw the film in 1979. It was written to fill space on the album which was short.
 * When designing the character of C-3PO for Star Wars, George Lucas was inspired by the aesthetic of the Maschinenmensch, the two bearing a striking resemblance to one another.
 * The music video for Queen's 1984 song "Radio Ga Ga" uses imagery and clips from the movie. The four members of the band are inserted into clips, for example the face of Freddie Mercury is briefly superimposed over the robot's face. The video ends with the caption "Thanks to Metropolis."  Mercury also contributed the song "Love Kills" to the soundtrack of the Moroder version of the film, for which he received a Golden Raspberry Award nomination for Worst Original Song.
 * Madonna's 1989 music video "Express Yourself" pays homage to the film and Fritz Lang.
 * In 1996, Norwegian gothic rock band Seigmen released an album called Metropolis, featuring pictures of the movie's architecture as cover art.
 * In 1998, Armenian-American nu metal band System of a Down released a music video called "Sugar," which features footage from Metropolis.
 * Janelle Monáe based both her concept albums on the original film including her EP, Metropolis: Suite I (The Chase), released in mid-2007, and The ArchAndroid, released in 2009. The latter also included an homage to Metropolis on its cover, with the film version of the Tower of Babel among the remainder of the city. The albums follow the adventures of Monáe's alter-ego and robot, Cindi Mayweather, as a messianic figure to the android community of Metropolis.
 * Videos for songs by pop singer-songwriter Lady Gaga have made a series of references to Lang's film. Visual allusions to the film are noted most predominantly in the music videos for "Alejandro" (2010), "Born This Way" (2011), and "Applause" (2013).
 * The 2012 EP Metropolis Part I by the electronic music trio The M Machine is a conceptual work inspired by the film.
 * The Brazilian metal band Sepultura named their 2013 album The Mediator Between Head and Hands Must Be the Heart after a quote from the film.
 * The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen graphic novel Nemo: The Roses of Berlin is set in Metropolis in 1941, in the midst of Adenoid Hynkel (from The Great Dictator)'s Nazi-like regime.
 * The 2014 music video "Digital Witness" by St. Vincent in collaboration with Chino Moya presents "a surreal, pastel-hued future" in which lead singer Annie Clark is a stand-in for Maria.